Author(s) : Chebbo Z., Boujlal A., Gueugnaut D., Vincent M., Tillier Y. 2012 Barcelona
(Electrofusion, Finite Element, Heat transfer, Interdiffusion, crystallisation and melting Kinetics, Micro-sampling) Electrofusion (EF) is widely used to join polyethylene (PE) components in the gas distribution networks. This paper provides experimental and 3D-finite element tool capable of reproducing the major...
Author(s) : Cowle Matthew 2012 Barcelona
The increasing climatological effects of global warming have reinforced the importance of determining the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with different design solutions. The main aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the environmental impacts, in terms of Carbon Footprint, of two products heavily...
Author(s) : Krishnaswamy Prabhat 2012 Barcelona
The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes Committee (BPVC) has recently published Revision 1 of Code Case N-755 that describes the requirements for the use of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipe for the construction of Section III, Division 1 Class 3 buried piping systems for service water applications in nuclear...
Author(s) : Lhost Olivier 2012 Barcelona
With the increase of the environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) of polyethylene pipe grades, the need for a fast, cheap and relevant analytical tool able to evaluate this property is a must. A \"TC138\" working group is actively looking for accelerated test methods and is considering new approaches. Inside...
Author(s) : Xiong Zhimin 2012 Barcelona
Resistance to slow crack growth (SCG) is one of the most important properties for HDPE pipe grades. Buried pipe with point loading is such a case, in which cracks initiate and grow slowly. One of the SCG evaluations is point loading test which verifies the service life for those pipes installed especially by...
Author(s) : Christian Schlummer & Rolf Heusser 2012 Barcelona
Polymer raw material costs for plastic pipe producers count for up to 80% of the total production costs. For non-pressure sewerage pipe application, one way to significantly reduce raw material consumption is to produce foam core multilayer pipes instead of solid wall products. A new development now allows to...
Author(s) : Rozental Magali 2012 Barcelona
(Polyethylene, Lifetime, Disinfectant, PE 100) Polyethylene is sensitive to chemical oxidation through the action of disinfectants used in drinking water, as explained in previous works. Based on accelerated ageing tests (high water temperature, chlorination, high pressure level), SUEZ-ENVIRONNEMENT defined a testing...
Author(s) : Catherine Michel, Johannes Akkerman 2012 Barcelona
Bi-axially oriented PVC (referred to as O-PVC) pressure pipes have outstanding mechanical properties. Tensile strength and E-modulus increase significantly with the stretching ratio. On the other side, the elongation at break decreases with the draw ratio. O-PVC pipes have also much better impact resistance...
Author(s) : Hyoungsan Kye, Kyunghoon Joo 2012 Barcelona
A newly developed electro-foaming fusion (EFF) wrap for PE pipe is a fitting that wraps up the pipe and melts the PE sheet onto the pipe surface. The Electrofoaming fusion wrap adopts its foaming concept and welding technique for PE sewers and drainage pipes. The electro-foaming fusion wrap consists of a foaming...
Author(s) : A. Redhead, A. Frank, G. Pinter 2012 Barcelona
Keywords : polyethylene for raised temperature resistance, chlorine dioxide, oxidative resistance, degradation, embrittlement Two different polyethylene pipe grades for raised temperature resistance (PE-RT) and one PE100 grade were investigated concerning their resistance to chlorine dioxide. Conventional test...
Author(s) : Andreas Frank, Anita Redhead, Thomas Kratochvilla, Heinz Dragaun, Gerald Pinter 2012 Barcelona
Key words : Polyethylene, pipe, test method, lifetime, slow crack growth For a qualitative characterization of the slow crack growth resistance of polyethylene pipe grades several test methods are available. Especially for modern pipe grades these test methods exceed practical time frames and new acceleration methods...
Author(s) : Dasgupta Chanchal 2012 Barcelona
Keywords : Food supply, micro irrigation, water scarcity, polyethylene compound. India’s population is growing rapidly and today it is the second most populous country in the world. Over 80% of its scarce water supply is used to irrigate crops, mainly by inefficient flood irrigation methods fed by open water...
Author(s) : Alessandro Marangoni 2012 Barcelona
keywords : water, total cost of ownership, installation costs, Italy, Germany This paper is based on a research done on behalf of ECVM by Althesys Strategic Consultants about the competitiveness of some PVC products (window profiles, pipes, flooring) applying the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) methodology. The TCO...
Author(s) : Kallum Morland, Blaine Weller 2012 Barcelona
An enhanced reinforced thermoplastic pipe for higher temperature (RTP-HT) applications has been introduced utilizing a high performance grade of PE material (Bimodal HDPE-RT ) to cater to oil and gas pipelines that experience continuous service temperatures of up to 82°C (180°F). The primary use of RTP-HT has been...
Author(s) : Boujlal Adil 2012 Barcelona
(Polyethylene, Long term behavior, Rheology, Slow Crack initiation time) Predicting PE failure mechanisms needs suitable models in order to describe accurately both material behavior and damage processes. In this area GDF SUEZ’ Research & Innovation Division carries out an in-depth study to determine on the one hand...
Author(s) : Chi Yongsheng 2012 Barcelona
Key words : shark skin, extrusion, die head, polyethylene pipe It was found that the ratio between the length of the land of the extruder head (L) and the gap between the die and the mandrel (T) has an effect on the pipe appearance during extrusion process. The present paper discusses the relevance between shark skin...
Author(s) : Lars Jacobsson, Hans Andersson and Linda Karlsson 2012 Barcelona
Problems sometimes occur in tightness testing of plastic pipelines using pressurized water and accounting for the diametrical expansion, particularly so for larger sizes and higher pressure rating. Pipelines that are in fact tight enough for acceptance are rejected when first tested. A study consisting of two parts...
Author(s) : Nigel Jones, George Macovaz, Alan Whittle, and Mark Heathcote 2012 Barcelona
Key Words : PVC, Green Building Until recently the Australian green building rating tool effectively created a disincentive to use PVC pipe. The PVC industry in general and the PVC pipe industry in particular worked with the Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA) and associated stakeholders to establish an...
Author(s) : Serrano de Rivera Angela 2012 Barcelona
In the ultimate field environment for testing polyethylene (PE) gas pipe, New Mexico Gas Company initiated an internal evaluation of bimodal PE4710 pipe in 2005. These extensive laboratory and field evaluations were vitally important to ensure that the material could be easily fused to the existing pipe network and...
Author(s) : Moreno Jovita 2012 Barcelona
Two stage cascade polymerization process is the most employed technology for production of bimodal polyethylene using only one optimized catalyst. However, such schemes are inherently more complex and therefore, there are many advantages of using single reactor bimodal technology : lower investment costs, easier and...
Author(s) : Striplin Ted 2012 Barcelona
This author presented the thought provoking paper “Butt Fusion Cooling Times, Speeding Up the Process” at Plastic Pipes XV held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.. That presentation discussed testing of heavy walled pipe using various fusion standards and the resulting cooling times with relative joint strength....
Author(s) : Cristian Hedesiu, Roger Jepson, Mohamed Hageb, Mohana Murali 2012 Barcelona
It was found that welding high modulus polypropylene (PP-HM) material in accordance with the parameters of DVS 2207-11 did not produce welds which met the requirements of the Guide. The optimum welding conditions for butt fusion welding of large diameter pipes e.g. 2000 mm and 3000mm, made from PP-HM were...
Author(s) : Pratik SHAH 2012 Barcelona
Since late 2008, through amendment to US DOT CFR Title-49, Part-192, plastic piping system made from Polyamide 11 (PA-11) is permitted by the USA Department of Transportation for use in natural gas distribution systems. While research, development, and application testing of PA-11 pipe and resin, as presented...
Author(s) : Micic Predrag 2012 Barcelona
Large diameter polyethylene pipe played an important role in ensuring water supply security to the Shortland region near Newcastle in NSW Australia. After 85 years of operation, the pipe owner, Hunter Water, decided to replace 7.4 km of above ground 900mm metal pipe that had been prone to flood damage and regularly...
Author(s) : Andreas Frank, Gerald Pinter, Mridula Kapur, E. Nezbedová 2012 Barcelona
Results from cracked round bar tests (CRB) and pennsylvania notch tests (PENT) for several polyethylene (PE) pipe grades are compared. The CRB tests were conducted at 23 °C and 80 °C, the PENT tests only at 80 °C. A material ranking based on the CRB tests was in good accordance to PENT failure times, although a...
Author(s) : Carl F. Baker 2012 Barcelona
The performance requirements for flexible polyolefin potable water piping systems in North America are quite different than those in other areas of the world. PolyEthylene – Raised Temperature (PE-RT) products were developed in Western Europe in the early 1980’s and since that time have evolved into the high...
Author(s) : Florian Arbeiter, Gerald Pinter, Andreas Frank 2012 Barcelona
Failure of polymer pipes due to slow crack growth (SCG) is a well-known problem throughout the industry. During the last decades various authors provided vital information for characterizing this type of failure in polyethylene (PE) pipes. For industrial pipe applications however polypropylene (PP) is also a widely...
Author(s) : Telgen Hans 2012 Barcelona
Abstract : In 2000 the PVC chain embarked in a ten year program to improve the environmental footprint of the PVC industry : Vinyl 2010. Challenging targets have been fixed and all of them have been achieved : recycling, substitution of heavy metals, energy saving etc. The pipe industry and specially the members of...
Author(s) : Hugues Haubruge 2012 Barcelona
The days of cheap and easy oil are gone. While peak oil might not be upon us yet, the increasing costs and complexity of oil extraction will cause the production of conventional crude to plateau in the next decades, driving the adoption of alternative energy sources. Among these, hydrocarbons still hold the lion’s...
Author(s) : Sinikka Freidhof 2012 Barcelona
Lubrizol Advanced Materials Inc. is a leading world manufacturer of postchlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) and has specifically designed compounds for use in fire sprinkler systems. CPVC pipes and fittings provide unique advantages in sprinkler installations, including superior hydraulics, ease of joining and ease...
Author(s) : Thorsten Späth 2012 Barcelona
The use of plastic pipes is very common in many applications such as pressure less sewer pipes as well as pressure pipes up to a limited pressure level. This limit is naturally given by the moderate strength of plastic materials compared to metallic materials such as steel. Corrosion resistance and the high...
Author(s) : Toshiki SHIMURA, Shinobu KAWAGUCHI Kazumi NAKAYAMA, Tomoko WATANABE, Yoshito OHTAKE 2012 Barcelona
To clarify the appropriate acceleration test method and the evaluation index for it, a series of acceleration tests was conducted on commercial poly-propylene (PP) pipe for outside use. Various tests and analyses were carried out on degraded PP pipes and these results were compared with PP pipe that had actually been...
Author(s) : Troughton Mike 2012 Barcelona
The current practice for assuring the quality of butt fusion and electrofusion welded joints during installation is by recording the welding parameters used, together with a visual inspection of the welded joint, supplemented by the destructive testing of welds on a sample basis using a short-term test. However,...
Author(s) : Joseph Sebastian 2012 Barcelona
The development of an antioxidant package for chlorine resistance of polyethylene pipe is a time-intensive exercise. The usual testing protocol consists of compounding a number of different additive packages into polyethylene, preparing molded samples and then aging these samples in a sodium hypochlorite bleach...
Author(s) : Connolly Rodger 2012 Barcelona
This paper outlines a process for deforming high-density polyethylene pipe into an elliptical form to permit pipes >DN160, up to DN315, to be factory-coiled on small diameter reels. The coiled pipe may then be transported to its installation site on conventional semi trailers, in continuous lengths of up to 300...
Author(s) : Meerman Henk 2012 Barcelona
CE marking and Quality Marks Construction products as per the Construction Products Directive 89/106/EEC and EU-regulation 302/2011 - CPD The aim is to the removal of technical barriers to the free circulation of goods by harmonizing around 2000 European standards and hundreds of European Technical Approvals. These...
Author(s) : Nishimura Hiroyuki 2012 Barcelona
The effect of antioxidants of polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT) pipes for a long lifetime for hot water supply and for space heating was evaluated in this paper. Some polyethylene specimens mixed with different amount of antioxidants such as hindered phenol and hindered amine were prepared by...
Author(s) : Zhang Zhihao, Zheng Xiaoming 2012 Barcelona
PE pipes have been used for many years in China. However, due to lack for engineering experience, some failure or leakages caused by PE pipe axial shrinkage have occurred in practice. In particular leaks were observed at or near the joints between metal and PE pipes. Suspecting that the cause of the leakage was the...
Author(s) : Pavel Hutař, Martin Ševčík, Jaroslav Kučera, Michal Zouhar, Robin Luky, Luboš Náhlík 2012 Barcelona
Using linear elastic fracture mechanics a new methodology for a lifetime assessment of internally pressurized polymer pipes was developed. The concept is based on the numerical calculation of stress intensity factors for pipes under different loading conditions in combination with experimentally determined creep...
Author(s) : Juseok OHa, Youngjin Ohb, Seunggun Leeb, Jongsung Kimc, and Sunwoong Choia 2012 Barcelona
Butt fusion welding is a method of joining often practiced in structural plastic pipes used in pressure applications, where joint integrity is a strict requirement for design lifetime of fifty or more years. The fusion process encompasses melt flow and rheology as well as diffusion and solidification sciences in...
Author(s) : Yuji Higuchi, Masaaki Ishikawa, Toshiaki Furuno, Eiji Okamura, Masahiro Mutoh, Hiroyuki Nishimura, Asami Nakai, Hiroyuki Hamada 2012 Barcelona
Pipe materials that are resistant to damage by thirty-party works were investigated with attention to materials already used for other purposes. Pipes for underwater cables, water service and agricultural use, both multiple-layer and single-layer types, were selected for the test. Protective materials were also...
Author(s) : Hiroyuki Kurio, Yuuji Yamamoto, Kenji Mizukawa, Takayoshi Yarimizu, Kentarou Nakata, Satoshi Saitou, Hisao Hirota and Takashi Kuriyama 2012 Barcelona
In this paper, an acceleration test has been done to evaluate of the resistance of polyethylene pipes to the chlorinated water with varying the concentration of chlorine and test temperature. The surface defects like a void due to the delamination of film about 10-micron meter thickness were observed after the...
Author(s) : Nasrin Kashefi 2012 Barcelona
NSF/ANSI Standard 61 (NSF 61) Drinking Water System Components-Health Effects was established in 1988 to address concerns related to chemical contaminants added to drinking water from drinking water system components. This standard was developed at the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to establish...
Author(s) : Tanja Piel, Erich Zinoecker, Franz Mitter and Sybille Simon 2012 Barcelona
The resistance of polyethylene (PE) pipes to rapid crack propagation (RCP) is normally tested using the small-scale steady-state test (S4). Even though the S4 test is a small scale test compared to the full scale test, it still requires a lot of material for pipe extrusion and the testing takes rather long time....
Author(s) : Libert Daniel 2012 Barcelona
Heating and/or air conditioning systems based on ground heat pumps are increasingly popular in European countries, their growth fuelled by both private and public investments in sustainable energy sources. These systems typically circulate water inside boreholes, effectively using the ground as a constant temperature...
Author(s) : Dr. Udo Anders 2012 Barcelona
PVC is a well-established material, globally utilised, in many different applications, such as window profiles, technical profiles, cables and sheets. In Pipes, PVC is used in pressurised potable water applications, as well as sewerage systems, gas piping systems, gutters and fittings. A Global analysis of PVC...
Author(s) : Stephen Beech, Christophe Salles, Ulrich Schulte 2012 Barcelona
Polyethlyene, Pipes, Buttfusion, Joining, Testing Several well established procedures are used for butt fusion welding of PE pipes globally. The most widely used are the European Single Pressure, UK Dual Pressure, and the USA High Pressure procedures. In the future it may be possible to rationalise these procedures....
Author(s) : roger Reinicker 2012 Barcelona
PE pipe was first adopted for use by the gas utilities in the USA in the early 1960’s. Today PE is the dominant transportation mode for low pressure (< 125 psi) gas distribution for residential and light industrial users supplying an estimated 95 percent of the service provided. High visibility heavy metal based...
Author(s) : Stubenrauch Kurt 2012 Barcelona
High performing Polyolefins, in terms of mechanical strength and thermal stability, can contribute to an interesting property profile and aid cost reduction in order to aid further growth of renewable energy systems. Cross-linked Polyethylene (PE-X) is discussed in the group of polyethylene, and PP-RCT (Random,...
Author(s) : Chen Zenggui 2012 Barcelona
For PE pipes for water supply installed in the summer, the pipeline’s temperature under the sun exposure can influence the properties of the pipe. If you carry out the pressure tests directly, it can result in damage to the pipeline. So we conducted a detailed analysis and research on the influence of exposure to the...
Author(s) : Xia Chengwen 2012 Barcelona
Composites of HDPE/graphite were prepared through blending high density polyethylene (HDPE) with surface activating treatment graphite by self-made compatibilizer and titanate coupling agent. It was studied that the kinds of matrix resin, coupling agent, compatibilizer and graphite particle size and its content...
Author(s) : Manoj Dhar 2012 Barcelona
Historically industries have relied largely on steel and higher alloys for the piping that transports water and chemicals through their treatment facilities. Despite the perceived strength of steel, it has proven vulnerable to pitting, corrosion & leaks while failing to meet higher performance standards. Today more...
Author(s) : J.Fumire and S.R.Tan 2012 Barcelona
This paper demonstrates the excellent recyclability of rigid PVC and the strong possibilities of incorporating recyclate into foamed PVC pipes. Calculations show that it is the availability of rigid PVC recyclate, partly due to the long service lives of PVC pipes, which is the limiting factor in further extending the...
Author(s) : Gueugnaut Dominique, Boujlal Adil, Rousselot Denise, Bouaffre Romuald 2012 Barcelona
(Polyethylene, SIS technique,Micro-sampling) The use of polyethylene(PE) since the early seventies on the GDF SUEZ’ distribution networks has lead to the coexistence of a very wide variety of PE resinswith significant differences in their long term performances. Nevertheless, in order tojustify a possible delayed or...
Author(s) : Ralph Handstanger, Rainer Kloth 2012 Barcelona
Most process improvement efforts in the pipe extrusion industry were traditionally aimed at increasing the throughput and/or enhancing the product quality. In recent years an additional aspect has been steadily gaining relevance : Energy efficiency. This has been driven by rising energy costs as well as by increased...
Author(s) : Wang Zhiwei 2012 Barcelona
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the quality of PE pipe materials and products. PE pipes have been widely used in the water and gas distribution market sectors. Also thanks to the excellent performance and chemical resistance of these high quality PE pipes they have been used in other markets,...
Author(s) : Fumire Joel 2012 Barcelona
Bioriented pipes or plates show strongly improved mechanical properties compared with standard u-PVC. It is known that biorientation process is less efficient on PVC composition with lower molecular weight. The target of this study is to quantify the relationship between the molecular weight (Kw) of the composition...
Author(s) : White Jee 2012 Barcelona
As significant improvements are made to thermoplastic materials from the first generation of monomodal pipe compounds to the current generation of high melt strength, bimodal pipe compounds, signihnt innovations have occurred to assure quality pipe compounds are produced and used in this industry. One of...
Author(s) : Seong Hee Kil 2012 Barcelona
Non destructive testing methods of electrofusion(EF) joints of thermoplastics pipes are required for fusion joint safety and for the long term reliability of a pipe system. Electrofusion joints, which are joined at the proper fusion process and procedures, may encounter defects due to the difference of ovality between...
Author(s) : Xu Yijiong, Liu lIangbing, Dongyu Fang, Cindy Wang, Jarmo Juhani Harjuntausta, Youssef Taha 2012 Barcelona
Key words : Corrugated pipe, PP-HM, PE, sewage, drainage Whilst plastic pipes are already used in China for underground sewage and drainage applications the properties and processing limitations of the materials used are such that they are not able to fulfill all the requirements for large diameter or higher...
Author(s) : Jarno Hassinena and Karin Jacobsonb 2012 Barcelona
This paper discusses the mechanisms responsible for the degradation of polyolefin pipes in chlorine dioxide. Studies of random co-polymer polypropylene, PP-R pipes that have been exposed in service connected to ClO2 disinfection systems are compared to data generated at accelerated laboratory conditions. The test...
Author(s) : Amaia Bastero 2012 Barcelona
Drinking water needs to be healthy, clean and tasteless and its quality at the tap is determined by microbiological, chemical and organoleptic parameters. Currently in Europe, the compliance with the national drinking water regulations is required and the absence of a harmonized European regulation generates intense...
Author(s) : Eckert Robert 2012 Barcelona
A New Generation of Electrofusion : A technical comparison between the new wedge coupler and the traditional cylindrical coupler for PE pipes d1000 (40”) and above. FRIATEC has developed a totally new concept of electrofusion jointing method for large bore PE pipes, d1000 mm (40”) and above. The new method completely...
Author(s) : Groen Gerry 2012 Barcelona
Designers are increasingly choosing to attenuate the peak discharge from combined (storm plus sanitary) sewers, and from storm sewers alone, by providing local storage. This enables waste water treatment to occur once a storm event has passed and there is capacity available in the waste water treatment facility. In...
Author(s) : Walter Häder 2012 Barcelona
Thermoplastic pipe systems are successful worldwide. They have continuously grown in diameter and wall thickness. This holds true for PVC and even more for polyethylene. If they are not yet market leaders, they often have the fastest growth rate. For drinking water, gas, waste water systems, domestic installations,...
Author(s) : Z. Jimmy Zhou 2012 Barcelona
(Keywords : Polyethylene pipe, ligament stress, regression, notch depth, lifetime.) Hydrostatic test was conducted on notched PE100/PE4710 black pipe specimens at various temperatures and stresses. Hoop stresses were normalized to ligament stresses by taking into consideration of the effect of wall thickness reduction...
Author(s) : Giorgio Tabanelli and Marco Gulminelli 2012 Barcelona
Piping systems for indoor sewage usually use PP and PVC-U socketed pipes with diameters no greater than 160 mm [6.30"]. The pipes are short in length in comparison to pipes used in outdoor sewage or in pressurised water distribution networks. Pipes less than three metres in length are produced, and there is...
Author(s) : Anna M. Hartl, A. Buryak and R.W. Lang 2012 Barcelona
The ductile behaviour of PE in Region I of the pipe failure regime is mainly governed by the time/ and temperature-dependent yield stress of the polymer [1]. Two different deformation mechanisms are relevant in PE. One governing shorter times and/or lower temperatures and the other longer times and/or higher...
Author(s) : Ignacio Muñoz 2012 Barcelona
The present global crisis has pushed the need for efficient, reliable and affordable solutions for water transportation. The interest of pipe manufacturers in PVC-O as one of the most cost effective solutions has increased, but at the same time new demands for widening the range of applications and overcoming...
Author(s) : Miron Gorilovskiy, Alexander Shmelev, Dmitry Ostrovsky 2012 Barcelona
European demand in flexible pre-insulated plastic pipes is limited to max 70C@10bar or max 95C@6 bar applications and can be fulfilled by mono layer cross-linked polyethylene carrier pipe with up to 110mm in diameter. Infrastructure of former USSR mega district heating networks require combined higher temperatures,...
Author(s) : Botros Maged 2012 Barcelona
Keywords : pipe, multi-layer pipe, tie-layer, adhesive, adhesion This paper describes the use of tie-layer adhesives in multi-layer pipe (MLP) and barrier pipe applications. Tie-layers are used to provide strong bonding between the polyolefin layer and the metal in MLP applications, and between the polyolefin and the...
Author(s) : Rob G. Spekreijse 2012 Barcelona
Although OPVC (equal to PVC-O) exists already for 4 decades, it is only the last 10 years beneficial for production due to better-developed technologies and widespread acceptance by different standards and norms. The rise of the environmental question to produce with lower material use, lower energy use and better...
Author(s) : Emiel Drenth, Ton Bor, Roy Visser and Mannes Wolters 2012 Barcelona
Various non-destructive methods, based on different physical principles, were investigated for their ability to differentiate between uPVC pipes having various levels of gelation. It was found that the micro-hardness method was not able to differentiate between uPVC samples of different levels of gelation. A possible...
Author(s) : Adhyatmabhattar Mohana Murali 2012 Barcelona
The Oil and Gas Industry uses many kilometres of pipe work to transport fluids from the wellhead to storage and processing units. These conventional steel pipes suffer from corrosion and other related problems and have to be replaced regularly to avoid spillage, but now some operators are considering more cost...
Author(s) : Heathcote Mark 2012 Barcelona
Key Words : PE100, Coal Seam Gas, Water The coal seam gas projects in Australia are undergoing a massive expansion, with greatly increased gas production for both domestic and export markets. Total investment is expected to be in excess of AUD $30b. PE100 has been selected as the material of choice for the gas...
Author(s) : Alan Whittle, Nigel Jones and Mark Heathcote 2012 Barcelona
PVC has been used successfully for sewer and sanitary drainage pipes in Australia for over 40 years. It is the predominant material for these applications. The reason for this success is the superior, all round performance of PVC piping systems compared to the various alternatives. Equally important has been the...
Author(s) : David Hill Jean Carmier 2012 Barcelona
A multilayer pipe named Excel Plus® made with a protective inner layer in PVDF was developed by GPS PE Pipe Systems, an Aliaxis group subsidiary. In order to assess, in accelerated mode, the resistance of this pipe against chlorine dioxide, a test sample exposure facility was built at the Aliaxis corporate R&D centre....
Author(s) : Vanspeybroeck 2012 Barcelona
As the resistance to notches of the new PE 100 RC materials continuously improves, the classical control methods - as mentioned in the product standards - of PE has to improve consequently. Indeed, the resin compound producers have now pipe qualities with notch resistance far beyond 1000 h. It was necessary to "look...
Author(s) : Hella J.M.Rijpkema, Hendrik J.Roebers, Marco C.A.Mekes 2012 Barcelona
The application of plastic pipework for gas inside buildings is still restricted by national laws or local regulations in many countries, while other countries allow this application. The exclusion of plastics is in the main based on the supposed fear of the impact of a fire on the pipework and the escape of unburned...
Author(s) : Sandstrum Steve 2012 Barcelona
The term “hydroelectricity” conjures images of massive concrete dams and vast reservoirs that harness the power associated with moving water. More recently, however, technological advancements and environmental awareness have resulted in renewed interest in small-scale hydroelectric projects. These unique...
Author(s) : Francis R. Costa, Christophe Salles, Anh Tuan Tran, Jeroen Oderkerk and Thomas Hjertberg 2012 Barcelona
Over the years polyethylene has gained preference as the material of choice for water distribution pipes due to its long successful track record offering comparatively lower frequency of leakage, corrosion resistance, flexibility, light weight, easy installation, etc. However, in recent years, there have been growing...
Author(s) : Dario Sinnone, Francesca Tisi, Mario Vitali 2012 Barcelona
Polypropylene is widely used for double-wall structured pipes for sewage applications due to the superior performance it demonstrates versus traditional materials such as high density polyethylene, concrete and metals. Its outstanding balance of mechanical properties enable optimized designs and reduced weight per...
Author(s) : Alireza Sahaf Amin, Dr.Reza Bagheri 2012 Barcelona
A minerally reinforced polypropylene (PP-MD) ,Because of its high specific weight and its special molecular structure, is able to absorb airborne noise as well as structure borne noise created in soil & waste piping system. The Main mechanism of damping the sound in this piping structure is increasing the density of...
Author(s) : Deslauriers Paul 2012 Barcelona
(Key words : polyethylene, slow crack growth, primary structural parameter) In this paper molecular weight and SCB data obtained experimentally or digitally generated are combined into a single, primary structural parameter (PSP2) and used to rapidly screen the slow crack growth resistance of a variety of polyethylene...
Author(s) : Li Xing 2012 Barcelona
Large Caliber Steel Wire Reinforced Polyethylene pipe is composited from profiled wall HDPE with middle layer steel wire reinforcement, current diameter ranges from 400mm to 3000mm. The pipe combines the high rigidity of the steel wire ,the elasticity and good corrosion resistance of the PE resin, as well as the...
Author(s) : Tanaka Hiroaki 2012 Barcelona
Polyethylene (PE) pipes for gas supply, which have been widely used in recent years, have superiority in installability, seismic performance and corrosion resistance, while their resistivity against external force such as from strikes by excavator bucket edges is inferior to metal pipes. Under some installation...
Author(s) : Antonio Arena 2012 Barcelona
With the new DN500 & DN630 PVC-O pipes in PN16 and PN25 the possibilities of Plastic Pipes to compete against metal pipes in large diameters and high pressures increase dramatically. Advantages in terms of economic costs, hydraulic capacity, simplicity of installation, quality of water, absence of corrosion and...
Author(s) : Frans Alferink and Jos Oosterik 2012 Barcelona
PVC-O pipes were already introduced in the mid-seventies, but why did it take until the beginning of this century before this high quality pipe product really expanded successfully into the water markets? The second part of this paper will present an answer to that question. Feedback from various pipe markets around...
Author(s) : Cornette Martine 2012 Barcelona
« Single site catalyst » or « metallocene » technology is successfully used since many years for the production of linear low density film grades thanks to a unique combination of processability, mechanical and optical properties. The huge potential of this catalyst platform to produce PE grades for hot and cold water...
Author(s) : Wallace Iain 2012 Barcelona
Fixed extrusion plant coiling and reeling machinery using Low Ovality Technology plus newly developed transport trailers also allow free standing coils or reels up to DN250 x 250m to be transported without vehicle escorts. Pipe is supplied in coils with less than 5% ovality in the pipe ready to install or pipe is...
Author(s) : John M. Kurdziel & Bill Vanhoose 2012 Barcelona
Major standards organizations, such as ASTM International, ISO (International Standards Organization) and AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials), have a test method for evaluating a plastic pipe’s wall stability and load capacity. The name of the performance test may be called...
Author(s) : Crabtree Allison 2012 Barcelona
Keywords : PE, Pressure Surge, Force Main Force mains, by the nature of their operation, commonly generate cyclic loading conditions which, in some cases, can be quite severe. Consideration of these cyclic loads is, therefore, a critical component of force main piping design. This paper examines the demands of force...
Author(s) : Cornati Alessandro 2012 Barcelona
In April 2009, a major Earthquake hit the central region of Italy and the historical city of L’Aquila, provoking severe human damages and destruction of many building in the region.The gas distribution system was also affected, and evaluation of the damages organised by Enel Rete Gas, the operator of the system,...
Author(s) : Mónica de la Cruz 2012 Barcelona
As plastic pipes industry committed to quality it is important not only to offer quality certified pipes and fittings but also to ensure their installation is done properly. The skill of the operator is essential for the assurance of the quality of his work and to avoid deficiencies in the installation which could...
Author(s) : Zhang Li 2012 Barcelona
Bases on the technical features of high-pressure glass fiber reinforced plastic pipes, steel frame PE complex pipes and flexible composite pipes, together with the application status of the above said pipes in oil field and related technical progress, this article will illustrate the existed questions, as well as our...
Author(s) : Martin Lackner and Carl-Gustaf Ek 2012 Barcelona
Key words : Polypropylene, Sewage, Sustainability, Durability, High-modulus Polypropylene has an excellent track record after more than 30 years of service for nonpressure sewage and drainage applications. The inherent material properties and their development, energy and cost efficiency, pipe design and ease of...
Author(s) : Etienne LAURENT, Pierre BELLOIR 2012 Barcelona
With the increased urbanisation and the climate change perspectives, an integrated approach of storm water management is imperatively required. The creation of underground buffer reservoirs to temporarily store storm water using Polypropylene infiltration boxes is gaining in significance at a world-wide level. However...
Author(s) : Havermans Linda 2012 Barcelona
Resistance to slow crack growth is an important material property of polyethylene which determines the application lifetime, especially for utility pipe applications. Usually, the slow crack growth resistance of materials is accessed by time consuming testing methods such as NPT, FNCT, PENT, etc. These methods require...
Author(s) : Van der Stok, Scholten 2012 Barcelona
The Strain Hardening (SH) test developed by Kurelec et al. has been applied to a variety of PE pipe and resin materials. The clear trend in the strain hardening modulus, of first, second and third generation PE pipe resins and PE100 RC pipe resins, illustrates the large progress in resin quality during the past four...
Author(s) : A.C. Seibi, R. J. Lawrence, R. Jepson and Z. Tarik 2012 Barcelona
Design and fabrication of plastic pipe fittings have been governed by ISO 4427 where pressure derating factors of 0.8 and 0.5 have been used respectively for fabricated elbows and tees. However, laboratory data generally indicate that these derating factors are very conservative. Moreover, the design of distribution...
Author(s) : Riccardo Barbone 2012 Barcelona
Over 50 years ago, the handling of harsh chemicals represented one of the first applications for plastic piping systems. Since then, plastic piping system products have continually been developed in accordance with market and regulatory requirements and today are uniquely positioned to provide suitable materials as...
Author(s) : Peter Postma & Hermkens René 2012 Barcelona
The suitability of non destructive techniques for testing polyethylene pipe joints are investigated in a GERG (European Gas Research Group, www.gerg.eu) project. The results show that : • Both Ultrasonic and Microwave techniques have developed to a mature level. • For electrofusion joints good results are obtained...
Author(s) : Steven Folkman, Ammon Sorensen, Thomas Fronk 2012 Barcelona
During 2011 Utah State University conducted a survey of utilities across the USA and Canada to obtain data on water main failures of municipal and private water supply systems. A total of 1,051 surveys were distributed and there were 188 respondents. The total length of pipe covered by the survey is 189,264 km...
Author(s) : Shinobu Kawaguchi 2012 Barcelona
In order to evaluate the deformability of the whole polyethylene (PE) piping system for city-gas supply, tensile tests were conducted at the various tensile-velocities and environmental temperatures for the test specimens. They consist of commercial PE pipes and a socket-type of an electro-fusion (EF) fitting having...
Author(s) : Zhou Minhong 2012 Barcelona
As the key component of underground piping network for drainage, plastic inspection chambers have many major advantages and are also being applied more and more widely instead of traditional brick-built ones. Users become familiar with this new technique gradually. However there are two major problems which have...
Author(s) : Tomonori Yamaji 2012 Barcelona
The Automatic SPR is new trenchless pipeline renewal method avoided works in the host pipe. This method is consisting of two original systems, the winding and grouting system. The winding system is automatically connecting the PVC profile to the end of spiral rehabilitated pipe with new machines. The grouting system...
Author(s) : Gueugnaut Dominique 2012 Barcelona
(Polyethylene, Non destructive technique, Ultrasonic Phased Array, Slow Crack initiation time) Since a few years it has been proved that - among the available concepts - the Ultrasonic Phased-Array technique (PA UT) was one of the most promising candidate for Non Destructive and Non Intrusive analysis of PE and...
Author(s) : Davidovski Zoran 2012 Barcelona
The conclusions of the EPD studies carried out ti ll 2012 show that w hen considering all the categories of the LCA, the average environmental impact of Plastic pipe systems are lower than of comparable other materials. The CO2 footprint which is one of the parameters in the LCA and environmental impacts i s as well...
Author(s) : Li Hongshan 2012 Barcelona
The polyethylene corrugated pipe with ribbed steel reinforcement and spirally wound is a new kind of drainage pipeline. The product with ribbed steel reinforcement and spirally wound in Λ between two polyethylene layers, which is combined with high stiffness, high strength of steel and flexibility, corrosion...
Author(s) : Chen Que, Xu Shengguang, Su Min 2012 Barcelona
This paper will discuss the application of some kinds of steel reinforced plastic pipes for sewerage engineering in China, and give some proposals for the development of the product. Keywords : The large diameter; steel reinforced plastic pipes; pipes for sewerage engineering; application
Author(s) : Michael Pluimer 2012 Barcelona
Corrugated high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe has been used in various drainage applications in the United States for nearly 50 years. First developed in smaller diameters primarily for agricultural applications, the product quickly found its way into the highway industry as an edge drain to increase pavement...
Author(s) : Lars Jacobsson, Hans Andersson, Daniel Vennetti and Sven-Erik Sällberg 2012 Barcelona
Leakages are reported in flange joints of large pipelines for water supply although mounted according to recommended practise. FEM analyses and full scale experiments have been performed in order to better understand the functioning of the joints. The objectives were to find out about the sensitivity to mounting and...
Author(s) : Jee White 2012 Barcelona
The use of irrigation piping systems has grown significantly in recent years driven by water shortage and the need to optimize the growth of the global food supply. In the production of piping products, depending on the application standard being utilized, producer's options for UV stabilizations include black...
Author(s) : Wedgner Andrew 2012 Barcelona
PE100RC, HSCR, Stress, Asia, Middle East The rapid development of Asia and the Middle East, has called for an equally rapid expansion of their infrastructure networks. At the same time, increasing urbanization has led to an increased use of trenchless technology for the installation, replacement and renovation of...
Author(s) : D. Cousins, S. R Tan† and P. Turner 2012 Barcelona
This paper presents results of test carried out on rainwater products that have been exposed to natural weathering for 25 years in Northern Europe. Samples of down pipe and gutter were removed from both north and south facing aspects of a property during renovation and subjected to a range of mechanical and physical...
Author(s) : Atsushi Shimoda, Masahiko Okumura, Tadashi Okamoto and Takeo Kuroda 2012 Barcelona
Applying fiber-reinforced plastics to pipes can be effective to form pipes which are light, thin and high strength. Basically, the forming process of thermo plastics consists of melting and cooling. Compared to the forming time of thermoset plastics (FRP), it’s easy to fuse. Therefore, applying fiber-reinforced...
Author(s) : SHENG Zhong-yi, ZHENG Hong-jie , MAO Ming-zhong, ZHU Wei, XIE Song-gui 2012 Barcelona
Pipe fittings is mainly used to connect, control and support the pipe system in the pipeline system, and welding pipe fittings mainly connect with pipe by the way of the hot-melt welding. The new welding pipe fittings, include the new shape of the pipe fittings, the column indications in the pipe wall and the concave...
Author(s) : Wang Zhanjie 2012 Barcelona
Since the late 1980’s the Chinese plastic pipe industry has maintained a high growth rate eventually becoming the largest producer of plastic pipe in the world. By 2010, the production of plastic pipe in China amounted to 8.4 million tons, with PVC, PE and PP pipe being the main products. Both the variety of pipe...
Author(s) : Wang Zhanjie 2012 Barcelona
With diversity and wide applications, the PVC-U pipe production is ranked first in China among all the plastic pipes, although in recent years, its growth rate is the slower than polyolefin pipes. This paper introduces and reviews the PVC-U pipe application in China, describes recent technical development, such as raw...
Author(s) : Jane Toogood, Dorothea Wiplinger, Christophe Salles, David Walton 2012 Barcelona
Securing access to safe water and sanitation is recognised as one of the world’s most pressing societal and environmental challenges. Launched in 2007 by Borealis and Borouge,‘Water for the World’ is a programme platform to advance solutions, expertise and know-how to address this challenge. Activities are grouped in...
Author(s) : Jean-Francois Greiner, Steve Tan, Alastair Walmsley and a set of industry experts 2012 Barcelona
In order to make it easy for the PVC pipe manufacturers to train their sales forces in a professional and consistent way across Europe and to give them a set of clear reference data, PVC4Pipes has developed a Training Toolkit, a set of Power Point slides, which provide information about PVC-U and PVC-C Pipe Systems,...
Author(s) : Scoby Greg 2012 Barcelona
Water systems in the United States are suffering from increasing failure rates associated with distribution system components reaching the end of their useful lives. An internet search using the terms “water main breaks” reveals daily occurrences that not only impact ability to provide service but create safety...
Author(s) : Dr. Stephan Schuessler, Georg Fischer 2012 Barcelona
The development of plant-based raw materials instead of using crude-oil is about to develop to one of the most relevant trends in global chemical industry. In addition to that, concepts integrating the biomass-generation using so-called bioreactors into a closed loop together with a biogas-generator and a combined...
Author(s) : Camille George Rubeiz 2012 Barcelona
In the U.S., 38 billion gallons of water are treated every day for domestic and public use, but 2.5 billion gallons of this treated water is lost because of leaks from corroded or damaged potable water piping system. According to the American Water Works Association, leaks in main water lines can reach up to 1,000...
Author(s) : B. Rabaud, J. Baron, A. Ragot, A. Bruchet, and K. Glucina 2012 Barcelona
Plastic piping products present the advantage of not being affected by electrochemical corrosion. However, they can be severely degraded after long-term service by oxidation process notably in presence of chlorinated disinfectant. This study was conducted in order to investigate the impact of plastic pipe degradation...
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