Papers
Plastic Pipes Conference Association # 2012 Barcelona
Andreas Frank, Gerald Pinter, Mridula Kapur, E. Nezbedová
Results from cracked round bar tests (CRB) and pennsylvania notch tests (PENT) for several polyethylene (PE) pipe grades are compared. The CRB tests were conducted at 23 °C and 80 °C, the PENT tests only at 80 °C. A material ranking based on the CRB tests was in good accordance to PENT failure times, although a slight temperature dependence of the ranking could be identified. If using adequate instruments for measuring the crack opening displacement the clear detection of the crack initiation in the CRB tests opens the possibility of partitioning the total failure time into time for crack initiation and time for slow crack growth which potentially may be interesting for material development or conservative lifetime assessment of pressurized PE pipes.
Related papers
Author(s) : Jessica Hinczica, Mario Messiha, Florian Arbeiter, Gerald Pinter
In Europe, only 1.8 million tons of recycled material is processed in new products within the building and construction sector [1]. Recyclates and blends of recyclates with virgin materials are already used for different products in the plastic pipe industry, such as cable trays, or storm water management...
Author(s) : Gerald Pinter, Lukas Travnicek, Johannes Wiener, Jan Poduska, Florian Arbeiter, Pavel Hutar
Crack initiation and subsequent crack growth are known to be the key factors which determine the final lifetime of a polymeric pipe. Subsequently, exact knowledge regarding the crack growth behavior is a key issue to guarantee safe operation. Furthermore, novel concepts are needed to satisfy increasing demands, for...
Author(s) : Márton Bredács, Jutta Geier, Mario Messiha, Gernot Oreski, Gerald Koinig, Raphael Horvath, Szilveszter Gergely, Gerald Pinter
In 2020, the global plastics production was 367 million tons. In Europe 20 % was used in the building and construction sector to manufacture in significant proportion polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) pipes [1]. To increase the current 30 % recycling rate, it is crucial to improve the quality of recyclates and...
Author(s) : Mario Messiha, Jessica Hinczica, Márton Bredàcs, Alwin Huisjes, Florian Arbeiter, Gerald Pinter
BSTRACT Engineering structures, such as operating plastic pipes, are often submitted to unexpected influences that may shorten their lifetime. An increasing understanding about the processes that govern these sudden failures has been attained in the last decades. This has led to a remarkable improvement of pipe...
Author(s) : Andreas Moerman, Flip van der Valk, Mirjam Blokker KWR, Tjakko Haaijer, Jan Vreeburg,
Drinking water companies with ageing networks are facing vast amounts of drinking water network reconstructions during the coming decades. This development coincides with the energy transition, which puts pressure on the available space underground. These external drivers give drinking water companies an opportunity...
Author(s) : Gerald Pinter, Johannes Wiener, Florian Arbeiter, Abhishek Tiwari, Otmar Kolednik
For pipe applications, catastrophic failure due to crack growth has to be prevented by all means. Techniques to develop new and even tougher pipe materials are explored in this contribution. The aim is to create a multi-layer architecture, that exhibits high toughness as well as damage tolerance towards sharp notches....
Author(s) : Mario Messiha, Britta Gerets, Jan Heimink, Andreas Frank, Florian Arbeiter, Gerald Pinter
A majority of field failure of viscoelastic plastic pipes can be attributed to slow crack growth (SCG) and has become crucial in terms of characterization of newly developed materials – particularly, if they are designed for pressurized pipe applications. In this study, investigations in terms of SCG resistances...
Author(s) : Lukas Travnicek, Pavel Hutar, Jan Poduska, Andreas Frank, Florian Arbeiter, Jaroslav Kucera, Jiri Sadilek, Gerald Pinter, Lubos Nahlik
The application of recycled material in pressure piping systems has been considered lately – it was suggested, that the recycled polyethylene could be used as a part of a multilayer pipe together with virgin material. This type of pressure pipes is not availableon the market yet, so their properties can be only...
Author(s) : Andreas Frank, Mario Messiha, Günter Dreiling, Norbert Schuler, Jens-Martin Storheil, Erwin Mayrbäurl, Stuart Ramella, Frank Krause, Rudi Berning, Philippe Gabriëls, Alpay Aydemir, Thomas Koch, Florian Arbeiter, Gerald Pinter
The Cyclic Cracked Round Bar (CRB) Test has been applied to study the slow crack growth (SCG) resistance of virgin, recycled, and reprocessed PVC-U. This fracture mechanical test allows a quick ranking of the SCG resistance of PVC-U. A clear correlation between the K-value and the SCG resistance has been elaborated....
Author(s) : Karel van Laarhoven, Andreas Moerman
Pipe failure in drinking water distribution networks occurs as a result of loadings on the pipe that exceeds its strength. Especially, pipes that deteriorate over time have an increasing probability of failure. Prediction models that estimate when a particular pipe will fail can therefore be valuable tools in pipe...
Author(s) : Hermann van Laak, Jan Heimink, Mario Messiha, Andreas Frank, Christoph Bruckner, Thomas Kratochvilla
For high pressure pipes above maximum operation pressure of 10 bar, this paper emphasizes PA-U12 as the easy to install alternative to steel. It underlines the superb performance of PA-U12 pipes for alternative installation techniques without need for a separate mechanical protection. An unplasticized polyamide 12...
Author(s) : Márton Bredács, Andreas Frank, Amaia Bastero, Alex Stolarz, Gerald Pinter
Accelerated aging experiments by the immersion of a commercial polyethylene (PE) pipe grade in 10 ppm of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and in 100 ppm of hypochlorite (HOCl) solution at 60 °C were performed. An additional immersion test was conducted in 1 ppm of ClO2 at 40 °C. The exposure parameters were continuously...
Author(s) : Gerald Pinter, Florian Arbeiter, Johannes Wiener, Andreas Frank, Otmar Kolednik
In order to further increase the fracture toughness of pipes, biomimetic layer design of the pipe wall can be used. Therein, soft polymer interlayers can act as crack-arresters in a matrix of stiffer and inherently more brittle polymers. The effectiveness of the crack arresting role of soft interlayers in a...
Author(s) : Mario Messiha, Andreas Frank, Isabelle J. Berger, Jan Heimink, Hermann van Laak, Florian Arbeiter, Gerald Pinter
Since the last decade polyamide 12 (PA12) has been successfully introduced as material for SDR 11 gas piping systems up to 18 bar, representing itself as an attractive alternative to steel pipes for high-pressure applications. Practical experience has confirmed that beside the higher strength, PA12 pipe grades ...
Author(s) : Isabelle J. Berger, Andreas Frank, Gerald Pinter, David Nitsche, Dirk Petry
Electrofusion (EF) sockets constitute a well-established and practically proven technology for the joining of polyethylene (PE) pressure pipes. As for the pipes, the potential lifetime of such welding connections is beside other properties also depending on the resistance against slow crack growth (SCG). The current...
Author(s) : Pavel Hutar, Jan Poduska, Pavol Dlhy, Andreas Frank, Jaroslav Kucera, Jiri Sadilek, Gerald Pinter, Lubos Nahlik
This paper investigates possible use of recycled material as a part of a multilayer polyethylene pressure pipe system. Crack propagation in different configurations is simulated. Lifetimes of pipes containing recycled material are calculated. Results are compared with lifetimes of pipes made of virgin...
Author(s) : Juergen Wuest, Benjamin Baudrit, Frank Dorbath, Christopher Pommer
A testing apparatus for determining the mechanical properties of electrofusion and heated tool sleeve welded joints with the mechanized linear shear test (LST) was developed. The LST-apparatus allows the recording of the force as a function of the extension / shear length. It has been proved that the linear shear...
Author(s) : Andreas Frank, Isabelle J. Berger, Mario Messiha, Carl-Gustaf Ek, Norbert Schuler, Jens-Martin Storheil, Erwin Mayrbäurl, Steve Heeley, Frank Krause, Lodewijk Niemöller, Philippe Gabriëls, Yogesh S. Deshmukh, Florian Arbeiter, Thomas Koch, Gerald Pinter
In order to improve the circular economy of polymers in terms of sustainability and reduced carbon footprint, the increased use of recyclates has become a topic of major importance. Due to their long design lifetimes, pipe applications represent an excellent opportunity to create added value to non-virgin polymers....
Author(s) : Juergen Wuest, Mirko Wenzel, Andreas Bilsing, Peter Postma, Werner Wessing
Within the scope of a DVGW (German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water) research project the technology of squeezing-off for PE pipes at operating pressures higher than 1 bar and the extension to new materials with higher operating pressures were investigated. For this purpose the tightness of the...
Author(s) : Lonnie Corley, Dane Chang, Harvey Svetlik, Matt Brandes, Thomas Musto, Frank Schaaf, David Fink
This paper presents a brief overview of a challenging project at the Callaway Nuclear Power Plant where HDPE was utilized to replace degraded steel buried piping in a Safety Related water system. Callaway was the first Nuclear Power plant to obtain NRC approval and successfully place the HDPE piping system into...
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