Plastic Pipes Conference Association # 2021 Amsterdam
Amster Howard
Deeper pipe burial, less expensive and environmentally friendly backfill, uniform language for contractors and inspectors, simplified installations for smaller pipe, and allowable construction in poor soil conditions are highlights in the latest edition of AWWA M55 and all benefit the users of HDPE pressure pipe. This paper summarizes the significant updates to the design and installation recommendations in the Second Edition of AWWA (American Water Works Association) Manual M55 PE Pipe – Design and Installation to be published in 2020. For design, these updates include higher Eʹ (Modulus of Soil Reaction) values, use of composite Eʹ values, use of Uniform Soil Classes, use of geotextiles, and terminology. For installation, there is revised information on trench width, flowable fill, inspection and soil testing, and compaction requirements. These changes reflect the recent revisions to ASTM D2774 Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pressure Piping. The changes are applicable to all pipe diameters and to all pipe stiffness values. The Second Edition of M55 encourages the use of basic installation and engineered installation for buried pressure PE pipe. The basic installation is for HDPE pipe stiff enough to not need special bedding and embedment, for shallow burial with no live load, and for stable trench wall support. In this case, the HDPE pipe can be laid on the trench bottom and backfilled with compacted soil from the excavation. This covers the majority of HDPE pressure pipe installations. For other conditions, the engineered installation means selecting an HDPE pipe and corresponding installation details to meet deflection, compressive strength, and buckling requirements. The engineered installation approachrecommends an uncompacted bedding and an uncompacted padding zone over the top of the pipe.
Related papers
Author(s) : Olivera Bilic, Vivek Rohatgi, Brody Peterson, David Hukill
Demand for conduit pipe is expected to surge globally due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in residential and commercial sectors. Just in the U.S., according to Market Research analysis, expected growth of the plastic conduit pipe market is at a CAGR of more than 5% over the next ten years. In response to...
Author(s) : Xin Zhou, Abdullah Saber, Shuqiang Wang, Huilong Chen
PE-RT II (PE100 classification) is designed >50 years lifespan at elevated temperature which aims to the growing demands on the applications of hot water and other industrial applications. District heating is a growing market in Greater China. However, the conventional pipes have serious corrosion issue in this...
Author(s) : Yi Zhong, Qianshi Ma, Haihua Yu
BSTRACT The residential district adopts central heating for low temperature radiators system. Due to the disrepair of the secondary heating pipe network that pipe from heat exchange station to user entrance, the running, leaking, dripping and leakage are serious, and the accidents occur frequently. The heat...
Author(s) : Chris Ampfer, P.E., Harvey Svetlik, P.E.
The current polyethylene (PE) pipe bending limits (longitudinal and circumferential deflection) are based on a circumferential (tangential) strain tolerance limit of approximately 1%. Research in the late 1970’s using constant tensile strain focused on what strain can be imposed on HDPE by bending and not have it...
Author(s) : Amster Howard
This paper explores the use of a composite soil stiffness as a valuable design tool to consider when a pipeline traverses through poor soil conditions. Thermoplastic pipe are flexible pipe and require good soil support at the sides of the pipe to minimize deflection. However, sometimes the trench walls are weak soils...
Author(s) : Anders Andtbacka, Peter Sejersen
In March 1999, a project report on the performance of buried Thermoplastics pipes was published by TEPPFA /1/. In the report, deflection and strain data on buried pipes were analyzed and compared with calculation results from several well-known static calculation models in use in Europe. Pipes were installed to...
Author(s) : Michael O’Rourke
The required wall thickness for a fully fused HDPE water main subject to an earthquake induced lateral spread is addressed in this paper. The water main is assumed to be buried via cut and cover (i.e., open cut with typical burial depths in the 2 to 15 feet range) procedures and any laterals have small diameters. For...
Author(s) : James F. Mason, Akshay Ponda, Hermann van Laak, Tobias Bauer
The long-term strength of unplasticized polyamide 12 (PA-U12) has been characterized using standard methods for plastic pressure pipe during the qualification process for use in buried piping systems for natural gas delivery operating at low ambient temperatures, usually less than 20 to 30°C at pressures...
Author(s) : Ernst van der Stok, Mirko Wenzel, Thomas Kratochvilla, Kurt Engelsing, Werner Weßing, Britta Gerets
It has not been possible to derive an accelerated procedure for the Point Load Test (PLT) as a pipe test before now. Further research and testing were therefore needed to establish appropriate requirements for standards including EN 1555-1 to rule out uncertainty in the market. The PLT is a central product test for...
Author(s) : Jiyong Park, JaeHyuck Han, YoungGu Kim, Eunjin Park
This study investigates the influence of various parameters on polymer design to determine the slow crack growth. HDPE(High Density Polyethylene) materials with different molecular weight distribution and comonomer content for PE100-RC pipe were investigated with cracked round bar test. The cracked round bar test...
Author(s) : Michael Pluimer, Christian Herrild, Patrick Vibien
With enhanced interest in a circular economy and the potential use of recycled HDPE within HDPE conduit, a research project was undertaken to investigate the necessary technical requirements when using recycled HDPE. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) conduit is a durable product designed to protect cables...
Author(s) : Mitsuaki TOKIYOSHI, Yutaka SAWADA, Yasuhiko OTSUKI, Kensei INOUE, Takashi KURIYAMA, Toshinori KAWABATA
Polyethylene reinforced with short glass fibres (PE-sGF) pipe, manufactured by combining short fiber glass (sGF) with PE100 as a reinforcing material, has a higher pipe rigidity in the pipe circumferential direction than that of PE100 because of the reinforcing effect of the reinforcing material and a performance...
Author(s) : Kevin White, Shad Sargand
The current standard of practice for the installation of agricultural mains is in accordance with ASTM F449, Standard Practice for Subsurface Installation of Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe for Agricultural Drainage or Water Table Control. ASTM F449 has several limitations. Currently, the allowable maximum height of...
Author(s) : Shane Schuessler, Richard Coombs, Mohamed Hageb, Abdullah Saber, Grigorios Vigellis, Chandra Basavaraju
Bordered by Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo sits Lake Kivu, an African Great Lake formed along the East African Rift. Lake Kivu is one of the world’s deepest freshwater lakes and contains enormous quantities of dissolved carbon dioxide and methane gas held at depths greater than 1100 feet (350 meters)....
Author(s) : Roland Valk, René Hermkens, Sjoerd Jansma
The use of hydrogen gas as an energy carrier is seen as a key component of the energy transition. This creates new challenges, including in relation to the transport and distribution of this gas. The low-pressure (natural) gas distribution grid in the Netherlands currently consists of 64% PVC and is presumed to be...
Author(s) : Amster Howard
This paper focuses on the confusing plethora of choices that a design engineer in the United States faces when selecting installation instructions for buried pressure thermoplastic pipelines. For polyethylene pipe, the decision is between AWWA Manual M55, ASTM D2774, ASTM F1668, the PPI Handbook, MAB-3, PE Field...
Author(s) : Chris Greggs
Much has been done to improve the quality and efficiency of HDPE pipe installations over the years. Now, a totally new concept for fusion where the machine meets the pipe where it lays to improve worksite safety, boost jobsite efficiency, and minimize the amount of time spent between fusions has been developed. This...
Author(s) : Jay Parvez, Richard Nichols
All thermoplastic and thermoset pipes must consider the impacts of cyclic loading on overall performance. Since its first use, PVC pipes have been tested for its resilience to such loading. As testing evolved over time, the method to determine cyclic capacity for gasketed PVC pipes has improved. Previously, the...
Author(s) : Peter Youssef, Sultan Alkendi, Hussein Basha
Bahr El-Baqar Water Treatment Plant, produces 2 billion m3 per year, introduces a sustainable solution for environmental pollution recovery and irrigation water source (via recycling the water of Bahr El- Baqar drain); whereas it protects the environment and generates water to support the cultivation of 4000 km2 in...
Author(s) : J. Lahoz
An investigation project was launched in 2020 to clarify the relationships between the processing conditions and the design lifetime of PVC-U 250 pipes. Ca/Zn stabilized pressure pipes were extruded with different processing temperatures and characterized by their DSC B-onset temperature and degree of gelation. Their...
Members of the Association
