Plastic Pipes Conference Association # 2023 Lake Buena Vista
Michael O’Rourke
The required wall thickness for a fully fused HDPE water main subject to an earthquake induced lateral spread is addressed in this paper. The water main is assumed to be buried via cut and cover (i.e., open cut with typical burial depths in the 2 to 15 feet range) procedures and any laterals have small diameters. For the lateral spread hazard, the required wall thickness is a function of site information (burial depth and unit weight of the soil), the acceptable pipe axial strain, and geometric characteristics of the hazard (amount of ground movement and length of the lateral spread zone).
The two primary seismic hazards to buried pipelines are wave propagation and permanent ground deformation. Earthquakes are caused by relative movement at a fault. This movement results in waves traveling away from the fault. The traveling waves stretch and bend pipeline infrastructure at or near the ground surface and is referred to as the wave propagation (WP) hazard. The WP hazard occurs in all earthquakes and is most commonly quantified by the resulting ground strain. The WP hazard is also transitory in that after the shaking ends, the ground returns to its original pre-quake position. If the earthquake is large, it can also result in permanent offsets at the surface or movements of the ground (lateral spread hazard) both referred to as permanent ground deformation (PGD). As noted above, the lateral spread hazard is addressed herein. As will be shown later, the strains due to PGD are larger and hence more important than those due to WP.
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