Plastic Pipes Conference Association # 2023 Lake Buena Vista
Guido Quesada
Spigot bevels (also referred to as chamfers) for plastic pipe joints using elastomeric seals are well-known and often prescribed in standards such as ISO 1452 for PVC-U and 16422 for PVC-O. The most common type of bevel is a simple straight cut at a 15° angle with respect to the pipe axis, leaving approximately 50% of the pipe thickness at the tip of the spigot. While this is a very popular and even standardized bevel, it has been found to be significantly less than optimal and even potentially problematic if it adheres strictly to the sketches or guidelines commonly found in technical plastic pipe literature. A poorly designed or executed bevel can sink its edge on the surface of the seal, thereby wiping off the lubricant and increasing the axial force at a critical stage of the assembly in which the seal could be dislodged from its adequate position as installed in the raceway. Furthermore, even if this initial risk is avoided, a sharp edge at the OD side of the chamfer has been found to increase assembly force. This is in contrast with the general objective of pipe makers to achieve joints that are easy to assemble with relatively low force. Alternatives to the simple bevel described above already exist. They are documented mostly by ductile iron pipe manufacturers, although there are also practical examples from plastic pipe manufacturers. One simple approach is to specify rounds to break the edges of the bevel, although merely breaking the edges doesn´t make a significant difference if the radii remain small. Another approach is to shape the bevel as a quarter of an ellipse. These alternatives and their dimensional parameters are evaluated. To avoid making unfair comparisons or referring to actual products, the bevel design exploration is performed on relevant standardized pipe thicknesses using generic socket and seal designs. Additional remarks address practical issues, such as cuts made in the field with power or hand tools and achieving a smooth profile with typical tooling already available at the manufacturing plants. This may encourage further discussion with participants at the presentation of the paper.
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