Plastic Pipes Conference Association # 2023 Lake Buena Vista
Chantz Denowh, Robert Stakenborghs, Liang Yu
The use of spoolable reinforced thermoplastic pipe (RTP) technologies in the onshore oil and gas industry has expanded significantly over the past decade. It is anticipated that interest will only continue to grow as oil and gas operators transition to transporting alternative fuels such as hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Currently, these technologies have been limited to non-regulated lines such as gathering lines or produced water transport, but the need is growing to expand into the high-pressure transmission pipelines. These lines will typically be in the 4-inch to 8-inch size range and rated up to 3,000 psig. There are several gaps in knowledge to address though before making this step. One gap is the need for viable inspection technologies that pipeline operators can use for long-term integrity management.
This study works to address this gap by progressing the multifrequency microwave technology and evaluating its accuracy against simulated defects that commonly occur to spoolable RTPs in the field. The phases of the study described in this paper include an initial calibration of the microwave technology to the pipe design, material types, and layer thickness. Following calibration, an open inspection was completed on pipes with known defect location, size, and depth. This information was shared with the microwave vendor to improve sizing and location accuracy of the equipment and software. Additional pipes with similar defects were then used for a blind inspection to evaluate the technology’s ability to accurately locate and size unknown defects. The pipe used in this study was nominal 4-inch with a nominal pressure rating of 1,500 psig.
The last phase of the study included inspection of pipe samples with simulated damage that commonly occurs in the field. Examples of recreated damage include pipe ovalization, overbending (kinking), and over-tensioning. This damage was recreated in a laboratory setting. The damaged pipes were subjected to destructive testing following the inspection (test results not included in this paper). Results and findings from each of the above phases are described in this paper including an evaluation of the location and sizing accuracy. Inspection of the simulated damage is discussed and compared to results of the destructive testing where damage indicated the presence of damage in the pipe reinforcement.
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