Evaluation of the Long-Term Performance of Composite Plastic Liners

Author(s) : Dr. Henning Stieglitz

Urbanization and the increasing effects of climate change have meant the supply of fresh water and the disposal of wastewater, have become increasingly important in recent years. It is foreseeable that this demand will continue and intensify. In this context, plastic pipe plays a major role due to its unique...

Author(s) : Ajay Taraiya, Peter Degenhart, Mark Boerakker

In PPXX, a technology was presented for the first time that could bi-axially orient polyolefin pipes. With this technology, it is possible to prepare pipes that have a performance far beyond the standard ones. One approach to achieving this performance is via a continuous in-line process. To optimize the in-line...

Author(s) : Joseph Melesio Venegas

Digital tools can be a catalyst to accelerate the change we need to meet the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement (“The Paris Agreement”). Across all industries and all walks of life we need to speed up the pace of sustainable innovation. Fortunately, within the plastic pipe industry we have several forms of...

Author(s) : Joe Babcanec, P.E., Issam Khoury, Ph.D, P.E., Shad Sargand,

The use of corrugated HDPE and PP pipe for gravity flow storm sewers is a growing trend throughout the United States. Many of these drainage pipes are buried in shallow cover conditions under roads with heavy traffic. It is well established that thermoplastic pipe installations under shallow cover respond differently...

Author(s) : Chris Ampfer, P.E., Harvey Svetlik, P.E.

The current polyethylene (PE) pipe bending limits (longitudinal and circumferential deflection) are based on a circumferential (tangential) strain tolerance limit of approximately 1%. Research in the late 1970’s using constant tensile strain focused on what strain can be imposed on HDPE by bending and not have it...

Author(s) : James F. Mason, Akshay Ponda, Hermann van Laak, Tobias Bauer

The long-term strength of unplasticized polyamide 12 (PA-U12) has been characterized using standard methods for plastic pressure pipe during the qualification process for use in buried piping systems for natural gas delivery operating at low ambient temperatures, usually less than 20 to 30°C at pressures...

Author(s) : Dr. Michael Pluimer, Sara Stone

The Notched Constant Ligament Stress test (NCLS test, ASTM F2136)[1] is a test method that measures the slow crack growth in High Density Polyethylene. The NCLS test requires a notch on all test specimens to act as a stress concentration at that point so crack propagation can be easily predicted and studied. In...

Author(s) : Ernst van der Stok, Mirko Wenzel, Thomas Kratochvilla, Kurt Engelsing, Werner Weßing, Britta Gerets

It has not been possible to derive an accelerated procedure for the Point Load Test (PLT) as a pipe test before now. Further research and testing were therefore needed to establish appropriate requirements for standards including EN 1555-1 to rule out uncertainty in the market. The PLT is a central product test for...

Author(s) : Sunwoong Choi, Robert Stakenborghs , Pyeongan Lee, Byoungho Choi

This work developed a hydro-axial tension (HAT) test as a whole pipe axial tensile test and applied to evaluate the polyethylene (PE) pipe and fusion joints containing various flaws. HAT test was designed to utilize hydrostatic pressure to cause axial tension in pipes. The experimental and numerical analysis was...

Author(s) : Norbert Jansen

A practical requirement of temperature resistance of minimum 50 years at 70°C was established for the extra high voltage (EHV) corridor projects in Germany. Experts have debated what tests are best suited to prove the suitability of a pipe resin for cable protection pipes which may be installed hastily and under...

Author(s) : Aisha Khaleel, Suleyman Deveci, Sulistiyanto Nugroho, Fatima AlHameli

The use of polyethylene pipes in transportation networks of pressurized water and gas have shown superb performance over the history. High density, high-molecular-weight, and bi-modal polyethylene materials, known as PE80, PE100 and PE100RC, have successfully served the market for many years in standard applications....

Author(s) : Jessica Hinczica, Mario Messiha, Florian Arbeiter, Gerald Pinter

In Europe, only 1.8 million tons of recycled material is processed in new products within the building and construction sector [1]. Recyclates and blends of recyclates with virgin materials are already used for different products in the plastic pipe industry, such as cable trays, or storm water management...

Author(s) : Steve Torchia, Justyn Miller, Gavin Guo

In the polymer world, the balance between processability and finished product property is always a hot theme. Converters are continuously evaluating the potential options to reduce total costs by increasing line speed, reducing energy consumption to obtain improved product property with lower scrap rate. Among them,...

Author(s) : Carine Lacroix, Philippe Louvel, Danielle Mark, Dominique Gueugnaut

A test program was carried out on two Polyamide resins, Polyamide 11 (PA11) and Polyamide 12 (PA12), both certified for gas networks. Polyamide’s advantage lies in its implementation, similar to that of polyethylene, and its properties allowing it to operate at up to 18 bar for gas, all other conditions being equal....

Author(s) : Carlos Domínguez, Predrag Micic, Rafael Juan, Nuria Robledo, Rafael A. García-Muñoz

Slow Crack Growth (SCG) resistance is the main property that must be controlled for assessing the long-term performance on polyethylene resins used for pipe application. The latest generation of bimodal and multimodal ethylene-α-olefin copolymers with exceptional balance of mechanical properties and processability...

Author(s) : Jay Parvez, Richard Nichols

All thermoplastic and thermoset pipes must consider the impacts of cyclic loading on overall performance. Since its first use, PVC pipes have been tested for its resilience to such loading. As testing evolved over time, the method to determine cyclic capacity for gasketed PVC pipes has improved. Previously, the...

Author(s) : Peter Youssef, Sultan Alkendi, Hussein Basha

Bahr El-Baqar Water Treatment Plant, produces 2 billion m3 per year, introduces a sustainable solution for environmental pollution recovery and irrigation water source (via recycling the water of Bahr El- Baqar drain); whereas it protects the environment and generates water to support the cultivation of 4000 km2 in...

Author(s) : Dr. Jan Hendrik Beckmann

For several decades now plastic pipes have been measured in-line [1]. However, currently used technologies also challenge the user in many ways, either by elaborate conversion work on the system for dimensional changes or by frequent calibration procedures [2] or in some cases the use of water as coupling medium [3]....

Author(s) : J. Lahoz

An investigation project was launched in 2020 to clarify the relationships between the processing conditions and the design lifetime of PVC-U 250 pipes. Ca/Zn stabilized pressure pipes were extruded with different processing temperatures and characterized by their DSC B-onset temperature and degree of gelation. Their...

Author(s) : Suleyman Deveci, Aisha Khaleel, Birkan Eryigit

Short and long term hydrostatic pressure resistance of plastic pipes are measured according to ISO 1167, by applying an internal pressure that is calculated for the target hoop stress considering outer diameter and wall thickness of the pipe samples. Due to the nature of the extrusion process, wall thickness...