Renovation
Plastic Pipes Conference Association # 1988 Bath
Lowe, Marshall
A Rotating Pipe Drum Test has been developed to assess the abrasion performance of plastics pipes to an extpnt where most test variables are understood. The procedure involves the rotation of relatively short pipe lcngths containing slurry on a conventional bail mlll. In the rest, the pipe surface repeatedly passes through a stationary bed a1 particlex. which is thought to be an accurate simulation of sliding bed conditions in service. Test data for cven the most abrasion resistant materials have been found to be extremely reprnducibic, and resuits obtained for diffeienr materials in various conditions can be direcrly compared using a simple analysis. The test may also be used as a Slurry Rating Index, measuring both abrasive nature and attrition of particles in condirlons similar To those in service. Wear data from this type of test is currently bcing used to establish why certain materials are rnore abrasion resistant than others.
Related papers
Author(s) : Peter Hubbard, Linqing Luo, Andrew Yeskoo, Kenichi Soga, Krista (Moita) Araica, Gus Cicala, Marshall McLeod
Seismically active faults pose a risk to buried water pipelines that can be complicated to quantify. Fault type, slip rate, pipeline geometry, and soil conditions all factor into a complex soil-pipeline interaction. For critical pipelines that cross faults, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has become an attractive...
Author(s) : Patrick Campbell, Joanne Claronino, Shana Meeus, Joseph Sanders, David Chrystie-Lowe
Polyethylene (PE) potable water mains, with design life of 50 years (BS EN 12201), have been in widespread use in the UK water industry for more than 30 years. PE pipe is light, flexible and reliable in comparison with other pipe materials and the UK water industry has made a considerable investment in replacing...
Author(s) : Ian Aldridge, Declan Robinson, Dave Smart, Chris Reed, Martyn, Greig, Trevor Stafford, David Christie-Lowe, Alec Erskine
For the UK polyethylene (PE) gas pipe network, the first installations now exceed 40 years in the ground, with an original design life of 50 years. It was thus timely to review the current condition and performance history of these first generation PE materials. A major 4 year project was started in 2010 to examine...
Author(s) : David Chrystie-Lowe
The many benefits of PE100 pipe materials include flexibility and toughness in addition to being relatively light products that are not subject to corrosion and expected to last well beyond the design lifetime [1]. It is also a distinct advantage that end-load resistant joints can be made using butt fusion (BF) and...
Author(s) : Sonya Pemberton, David Chrystie-Lowe, Sabah Rafiq, Karolina Modelska, Edward Ingham
A room temperature tensile test using thin films taken from the outside and inside surface of polymer pipes has been developed to study the slow crack growth resistance of ageing PE pipelines via analysis of their strain hardening behaviour. A range of PE materials in service since the early 1970s and 80s are...
Author(s) : Dr. Dane Chang, Dr. David Marshall, Chris Cox
Plastic pipe applications often require polymers to have adequate abrasion resistance during usage. Although typical polyethylene resins have reasonably good resistance to abrasion and can be broadly used with a variety of chemicals, there are some demanding applications that require a resin with enhanced abrasion...
Author(s) : Ken Murphy, David Lowe
Exova is continuing in the long tradition of Pipeline Developments Limited (PDL) in the UK with research, development, testing, quality assurance (QA) and failure analysis of modern plastic pipe materials and joints. Along with this ongoing work Exova has assessed various non destructive testing (NDT) techniques in...
Author(s) : Lowe, Starkey, Powell
With the increasing success of PE100 and usage of pipes of increasingly large diameter, concerns have been raised about the quality of weld performance with relatively thick walled pipes (>50mm), which has led to the current investigation. In addition to the consideration of welding conditions adopted in the UK,...
Author(s) : MacKellar, Lowe, Ingham, Ashdown
Polyethylene (PE) is the preferred material for 90% of all water mains laid in the UK. The pace of renovation of dilapidated cast iron water networks has led to the increasing demand for coils of flexible PE pipe, driven by the efficiency of using less joints and taking up considerably less space in the congested...
Author(s) : Marshall, Brogden, Shepher
Many early brittle failures in PVC water and sewerage pipelines, where repeated surge events are thought likely to induce embrittlement, were attributed to fatigue. The concerns of pipeline engineers led to the adoption of the British Standard Code of Practice CP 312 (ref. 1) by the UK water industry, which gives...
Author(s) : Marshall, Morley, Pearson
The Water Industry in England and Wales has responsibility for an approximate length of 300,000km of water main, ~nuchof which was laid over 70 years ago using cast iron. Subsequently, asbestos cement, PVCu and cement lined ductile iron have been used. The old iron pipe systems that were installed in many of the...
Author(s) : Marshall, Hepburn, Netherwood
The adoption of polyethylene as a pipe material by both the gas and water indusmes has undoubtedly led to several sigruf~cant economic and operational advantages. The development of narrow trenching techniques and insertion refurbishment methods only became viable once a complete fusion jointed polyethylene system...
Author(s) : Marshall, Ingham, Brogden
When clients purchase plastics pressure pipes, they have frequently made that decision because they know that plastics do not corrode and they assume that if they do not exceed the pressure rating then a long lifetime should be assured. (Low cost has also been known to be a factor). It is thus of concern for the...
Author(s) : Marshall, Birch, Morley
Many UK Water Companies are now using PE pipe systems because it 1s believed that use of an all-welded pipe will minimise the number of mechanical fittings employed and therefore will reduce potential sources of leakage. With pipes such as ductile iron and PVCu, which are joined in short lengths, it is often...
Author(s) : Marshall, Birch-Kisbenyi, Youd
A complete analysis of the Charpy impact system has been made to relate measurements of impact toughness to the geometry of samples. Using data obtained on pipe grade polyethylenes, Gc values at 20°C and 3°C have been found to correlate wel! with measurements of resistance to fast fracture in pressurised pipe...
Author(s) : Young, Thomas, Marshall
Within the Water Industry in England and Wales, there is an estimated length of 295,000 km of water main, much of which was laid in unlined cast iron prior to 1940. Subsequently, asbestos cement, UPVC and cement lined cast/ductile iron has been uscd. It is kn-that a substantial number of...
Author(s) : Marshall, Birch
It is proposed that present Specifications for PE Pressure pipes are essentially undemanding and tests do not simulate service conditions. Perfect pipes are assessed rather than pipes which have sustained handling and installation ‘damage’. Flaws and defects have caused many problems with other thermoplastics pipes...
Author(s) : Lowe, Marshall
A new test has been developed to evaluate the abrasion performance of different pipe materials. The Rotating Pipe Test simulates sliding bed flow of a slurry and gives quite excellent data reproducibility. The influence of sample geometry and slurry changing frequency and particle size have been assessed. The effects...
Author(s) : Marshall, Taylor, Dickinson
A study has been carried out which has sought to establish the influence of processing conditions on the properties of medium and high density polyethylene. Residual stress and fracture toughness measurements have been carried out on hdpe pipe, from which predications of the influence of diameterlwall thickness on...
Author(s) : Birch, Marshall
The mechanics of failure of uPVC pipe materials have been investigated using fracture mechanics test methods to induce brittle failure. It has been found that brittle failure can be quantified and test procedures have been developed which are capable of being used as quality control methods for classifying pipe. High...