Plastic Pipes Conference Association # 2021 Amsterdam
Stephan Kneck, Henrik Iskov
It has become ever clearer that the resources of natural gas are an energy source, which will be less important in the future due to limitations in use of natural reserves. In order to prepare for the future the gas industry is looking at the alternative fuel gases, one such fuel gas is hydrogen. In order to prepare for a future use of hydrogen as a fuel gas, it became evident that very little information existed regarding the compatibility between long-term exposure and transportation of hydrogen in polyethylene gas pipelines. A test program was therefore set to study the transportation in a small -scale pilot grid. The focus in the study was the long-term hydrogen compatibility of the pipe materials, but also leakage and function of connections, valves and gas meters were monitored. The test program included a selection of polyethylene pipes from the Danish and Swedish gas distribution grids. These pipes were also compared to polyethylene pipes that had not been in service before the test program started. The test of the polyethylene pipes was organized so that a part of the pilot grid was dug up every year and analyses performed on the pipes, in this way any form of influence on the integrity of the polyethylene pipe would be detected.The analytical testing program for the polyethylene pipes was devised in order to detect any influence on the additives in the polyethylene pipe material as this has an influence on oxidative resistance, as well as checking already encountered possible degradation caused by extrusion on the material. On the mechanical property side, the tensile strength and modulus were followed as well as the most important property for the pipeline, namely slow crack growth. Outcome and main conclusion of the test and the analytic work indicate that hydrogen will not increase the degradation of the tested polyethylene pipe materials. Slightly increased leakage compared to natural gas service was observed. Pipe connections, fittings, valves etc. must be checked periodically for hydrogen leak resistance. The permeation of hydrogen through the polyethylene pipe wall should also be investigated, as the permeation of hydrogen compared to natural gas is much higher.
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